Issue
Setting the default language in the portal-ext.properties, with the property
company.default.locale=nl_NL
or as an environment variable
LIFERAY_COMPANY_PERIOD_DEFAULT_PERIOD_LOCALE=nl_NL
doesn't change the language even after restarting the bundle and deleting the cache.
Environment
Liferay DXP 7.0+
Resolution
The property is only intended for use on the initial startup using a clean database in case of a local Liferay DXP instance. That's because the property will write the settings to the database, and after the first start, you can only change it in the Control Panel > Instance Settings > Localization.
In case of docker images, as they were already started once for testing purposes, either you use the property, or the environment variable, it has already written the setting to the database, therefore it will only work if your bundle is connected to a new external database.