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Overriding OSGi Services

Liferay’s OSGi container is a dynamic environment in which services can be added, removed, or overridden as needed. This framework registers Liferay components with the OSGi service registry, each with their own availability, ranking, and attributes. Together, these details determine how components bind to the services they reference.

To override an OSGi service, you’ll follow these steps:

Identify the service you want to override, as well as any components that reference it.
Gather the following service details.
- Service Type: the interface implemented by the service you’re overriding
- Service’s Class Name: the existing service’s full name
If applicable, gather the following details for components that reference the service.
- Component Name: the full name of a component that references the service you’re overriding
- Reference Name: the field name that references to the target service
- Reference Policy: whether the reference is static or dynamic
- Reference Policy-Option: whether the policy-option is greedy or reluctant
- Cardinality: the number of service instances to which the reference can and must bind
Together, a service’s Reference Policy, Reference Policy Option, and Cardinality determine a component’s conditions for adopting new services.
Create a new service that uses the same interface implemented by the service you’re overriding.
Give your service a higher ranking than the service it’s overriding.
(Optional) If necessary, reference and invoke the service you’re overriding in your service.

The sample modules demonstrate how to override an OSGi service. These modules include an API for defining a new OSGi service type, an initial implementation of that type, and a generic portlet that references the initial implementation. Also included are alternate implementations of the API to demonstrate how to override the initial implementation.

Deploy Sample Modules for Overriding

Start a new Liferay instance by running

docker run -it -m 8g -p 8080:8080 liferay/portal:7.4.3.112-ga112

Sign in to Liferay at http://localhost:8080. Use the email address test@liferay.com and the password test. When prompted, change the password to learn.

Then, follow these steps:

Download and unzip the example modules.

curl https://resources.learn.liferay.com/dxp/latest/en/liferay-internals/extending-liferay/liferay-s1j6.zip -O

unzip liferay-s1j6.zip

Run the following gradlew command from the s1j6-api, s1j6-able-impl, and s1j6-web subfolders to build and deploy each module to your new Docker container individually:
```
../gradlew deploy -Ddeploy.docker.container.id=$(docker ps -lq)
```
Each module’s JAR is generated in its build/libs folder (e.g., s1j6-api/build/libs/com.acme.s1j6.api-1.0.0.jar).

Log messages indicate when Liferay begins processing and successfully starts each module. These logs also provide each service’s bundle id.
```
STARTED com.acme.s1j6.api_1.0.0 [1356]
STARTED com.acme.s1j6.able.impl_1.0.0 [1357]
STARTED com.acme.s1j6.web_1.0.0 [1358]
```

Confirm the modules have successfully deployed via the Gogo Shell.

lb | grep -i "s1j6"

If successful, the output reads as follows:

1356|Active     |   15|Acme S1J6 API (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1357|Active     |   15|Acme S1J6 Able Implementation (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1358|Active     |   15|Acme S1J6 Web (1.0.0)|1.0.0
true

The provided api defines an OSGi service type that is implemented by the able.impl module, which in turn is used by the provided portlet. Now that everything’s deployed, you can experiment with how overrides work.

Gathering OSGi Service and Reference Details

Once you’ve identified the service you want to override, use the scr:info Gogo Shell command to gather its essential service and reference details. In this example, we want to override the able.impl service.

To gather its service details, run the following command:

scr:info com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl

Component Description: com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl
===============================================================
Class:         com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl
Bundle:        1357 (com.acme.s1j6.able.impl:1.0.0)
[...]

Component Configuration Id: 8337
--------------------------------
State:        ACTIVE
Service:      17776 [com.acme.s1j6.S1J6]
    Used by bundle 1358 (com.acme.s1j6.web:1.0.0)
Config Props: (2 entries)
  component.id = 8337
  component.name = com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl
References:   (total 0)

This abbreviated output lists the following service details for S1J6AbleImpl:

Service Type: S1J6AbleImpl implements the S1J6 interface,com.acme.s1j6.S1J6.
Service’s Class Name: The service’s full name is com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl.

It also indicates that the service is used by a component within the com.acme.s1j6.web:1.0.0 bundle. To view the component’s reference configuration details, run the scr:info command with the component’s full name:

scr:info com.acme.s1j6.web.internal.portlet.S1J6Portlet

Component Description: com.acme.s1j6.web.internal.portlet.S1J6Portlet
=====================================================================
Class:         com.acme.s1j6.web.internal.portlet.S1J6Portlet
Bundle:        1358 (com.acme.s1j6.web:1.0.0)
[...]

Component Configuration Id: 8338
--------------------------------
[...]
References:   (total 1)
  - _s1j6: com.acme.s1j6.S1J6 SATISFIED 1..1 static+greedy
    target=(*) scope=bundle (1 binding):
    * Bound to [17776] from bundle 1357 (com.acme.s1j6.able.impl:1.0.0)

This abbreviated output lists the following reference configuration details:

Reference Name: The name of the field that references the S1J6AbleImpl service is _s1j6.

Reference Policy: The component’s policy is static (default).

Reference Policy-Option: The component’s policy option is greedy.

Cardinality: Its Cardinality is both mandatory and unary (i.e., 1..1).

While some reference configurations automatically bind to a new or higher ranking service, some require a server restart. Since S1J6Portlet’s reference configuration is static, greedy, mandatory, and unary, no server restart is required before it binds to a new, higher ranking service. See OSGi documentation for more information about how different reference configurations affect a component’s behavior when new or higher ranking services become available.

Creating an OSGi Service with the Gathered Details

Once you’ve gathered the requisite service and reference details, you can use them to create a custom service for overriding and invoking the target service.

Declare the service a component within the OSGi framework using the @Component annotation.
Implement the same interface as the target OSGi service and identify its service type within the @Component annotation.
Override the interface’s methods.
Include the service.ranking:Integer property within the @Component annotation. Ensure its ranking is higher than the existing service.
(Optional) Reference the existing service’s component.name to invoke it.

The sample S1J6BakerImpl module is provided to override S1J6AbleImpl.

@Component(property = "service.ranking:Integer=100", service = S1J6.class)
public class S1J6BakerImpl implements S1J6 {

	@Override
	public String doSomething() {
		return _s1j6.doSomething() +
			"<br />This is the S1J6 Baker implementation.";
	}

	@Reference(
		target = "(component.name=com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl)"
	)
	private S1J6 _s1j6;

}

Here, S1J6BakerImpl implements the same service type as S1J6AbleImpl (i.e., com.acme.s1j6.S1J6) and includes the necessary @Component annotation, service attribute, and service.ranking property. It also references the existing service (i.e., component.name=com.acme.s1j6.able.internal.S1J6AbleImpl) and delegates to it as part of overriding the interface’s method. The sample modules also include two other S1J6 implementations for overriding S1J6AbleImpl and then S1J6BakerImpl.

In total, the included implementations have the following rankings:

S1J6AbleImpl: No ranking (defaults to 0)
S1J6BakerImpl: 100
S1J6CharlieImpl: 101
S1J6DogImpl: 101

When deployed, the highest ranking service takes priority and is bound to S1J6Portlet. If more than one service has the same ranking, the first service registered takes priority. Lower ranking services are ignored.

Deploy the Overriding Module and Config File

Follow these steps to deploy S1J6BakerImpl, S1J6CharlieImpl, and S1J6DogImpl:

Open the s1j6-baker-impl folder in your console and run the following gradlew command to build and deploy a JAR file for the module to the Docker container:
```
cd ../s1j6-baker-impl
```
```
../gradlew deploy -Ddeploy.docker.container.id=$(docker ps -lq)
```
Log messages indicate when Liferay begins processing and successfully starts the module along with its bundle ID.
```
STARTED com.acme.s1j6.baker_1.0.0 [1359]
```

Confirm S1J6BakerImpl has successfully deployed and bound to your instance via the Gogo Shell.

scr:info com.acme.s1j6.web.internal.portlet.S1J6Portlet

If successful, S1J6Portlet is bound to S1J6BakerImpl, since it outranks S1J6AbleImpl.

References:   (total 1)
  - _s1j6: com.acme.s1j6.S1J6 SATISFIED 1..1 static
    target=(*) scope=bundle (1 binding):
    * Bound to [3248] from bundle 1359 (com.acme.s1j6.baker.impl:1.0.0)

Deploy S1J6CharlieImpl and S1J6DogImpl at the same time to the Docker container from the s1j6-liferay.

cd ..

../gradlew deploy -Ddeploy.docker.container.id=$(docker ps -lq)

STARTED com.acme.s1j6.charlie_1.0.0 [1360]
STARTED com.acme.s1j6.dog_1.0.0 [1361]

Confirm both S1J6CharlieImpl and S1J6DogImpl have successfully deployed to your instance via the Gogo Shell.

lb -s | grep -i "s1j6"

1356|Active     |   15|com.acme.s1j6.api (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1357|Active     |   15|com.acme.s1j6.able.impl (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1358|Active     |   15|com.acme.s1j6.web (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1359|Active     |   15|com.acme.s1j6.baker.impl (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1360|Active     |   15|com.acme.s1j6.charlie.impl (1.0.0)|1.0.0
1361|Active     |   15|com.acme.s1j6.dog.impl (1.0.0)|1.0.0

Verify which service is bound to S1J6Portlet.

scr:info com.acme.s1j6.web.internal.portlet.S1J6Portlet

References:   (total 1)
  - _s1j6: com.acme.s1j6.S1J6 SATISFIED 1..1 static
    target=(*) scope=bundle (1 binding):
    * Bound to [3249] from bundle 1360 (com.acme.s1j6.charlie.impl:1.0.0)

Since both S1J6CharlieImpl and S1J6DogImpl have the same ranking, the service that’s registered first takes priority and is bound to S1J6Portlet.

Overriding OSGi Services

Deploy Sample Modules for Overriding

Gathering OSGi Service and Reference Details

Creating an OSGi Service with the Gathered Details

Deploy the Overriding Module and Config File

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